How a source moves
through the four passes
Every citation enters at the top and exits into the appendix — including the ones that fail. Nothing is removed silently.
Draft with citations
A drafted report, its claims and cited sources not yet checked. Sources arrive here from research, from an assisting workflow, or from an AI-generated draft.
Does it exist?
Resolve the citation against a retrievable record — a live URL, or a registry match in Crossref or OpenAlex. Author, title, outlet, and year must agree with the record.
No matching record, or metadata that contradicts the record. The citation is removed from the claim, or retained only as evidence of a claim's weak origin.
Where did it originate?
Trace the claim back past whoever repeated it. If several outlets cite one study, the citation is reassigned to the study. Outlet standing and author accountability are assessed here.
The claim circulates without an identifiable source. Treated as uncorroborated and disclosed as such rather than cited onward.
Provisional tier
The source is tiered for the specific claim it supports — not for its masthead. The same outlet can tier differently elsewhere in the same report.
Does anyone independent confirm it?
Load-bearing claims are checked against at least one genuinely independent account. Two outlets running the same wire copy count as one source, not two.
A key claim resting on a lone T3 or T4 source cannot proceed. Either independent T1/T2 support is found, or the claim is softened or cut.
What would prove it wrong?
Actively search for retractions, failed replications, author disavowals, methodological critiques, and live scholarly disputes. Whatever is found is recorded rather than dropped.
Tier is downgraded, or the claim is marked contested and the dispute disclosed in the body text alongside the claim itself.
Human review
Everything above can be assisted by a workflow. This cannot. Final tier assignment, the judgment call on contested material, and clearance to publish are made by a person — who is accountable for the result either way.
Verification appendix
Cleared sources and flagged ones land in the same place. An entry records what was checked and what was found, so a reader can audit the reasoning rather than take the reference list on faith.
Illustrative entries. The method is a living document: passes, tiers, and the appendix format are revised as weaknesses are found.